Psychological Effects of Combat

Psychological Effects of Combatpsychological science OF A FIGHTING MANINTRODUCTIONMovies go for the business of battle and war effortless and uncomplicated. They make us believe that spends ar around sort of gobble uping machines. The understandings for killing whitethorn be some because they are told, if they dont kill they pull up s squanders die, the enemy is a threat to enduring cessation and so on. The movies make us believe that a soldier fires to hit and kill each other. bandage this holds some truth, a deeper study is carryed to understand the psychology behind the actions of these fighting men.Talking most the psychology of a fighting adult male is like virgins talking close to sex. Days can be spent discussing it and the mechanics involved can be fully understood. However, you can non be absolutely sure that the gentlemans gentleman who understood the mechanics behind the psychology go away behave as expected, when he is faced with a struggle situation.T hat is because when bullets and shells start zipping past, the emotions and Adrenaline start running high and that will affect how a fighting man sees things in the battlefield. During warlike situations, e genuinely soldier sees things different from another soldier.AIMThe engage of this newspaper publisher is to understand the psychology of a fighting man, the factors affecting his desire to kill on the battlefield and how it affects his object and behavior. The paper in any case intends to cover the psychiatric effects of combat on a soldier and nominate possible solutions.THE BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNBehaviour During CombatWhen it comes to combat situations, behavior of the animal species can be classified into four stages, Posture, Fight, Flight or Submit. Also, animals do not generally kill others of their species, except with very few exceptions. In this regard, charitable beings are like animals in our behavior, especially in a combat situation.When animals fight, they do n ot directly get to a physical fight. The start posturing to intimidate the enemy. human race are not much different. Rifles, artillery guns and tanks provide perfect tools for posturing. They are dangerous, they are loud. Shells and bullets zooming past budget items can be terrifying any man on earth. The shooter gets a feeling of role and the act provides a primal release to him. Posturing also form part of combat tactics.It is say that in Vietnam War, only one out of 52000 shots fired scored a hit1. Were the Americans that bad at shooting? No, in fact they were very superior in posturing. However, when the time came to aim at the VietCong, the Yankee preferred to posture, earlier than to kill.This does not mean the whole aim is not to kill, but to scare the enemy by posturing. on that point will be a few whose sole aim is to increase the use of body bags by the other side, whatever maybe their motivation. They are like that one portion of fighter pilots who accounted for for ty percent of planes shot down in World War II.In war, a soldiers behavior is also affected by the fact that whether he has to kill anyone. A person is more unbidden to face risks if he does not have to kill anyone. Best example in this regards are the medical exam corps people.Now, let us understand what happens when the enemy decides to run away. The best way to explain it is by drawing a corollary again with the animal world. What happens when you try to run away from a dog? It will run behind you, catch you and bite you. This may even result in your death. In the akin way, to run away from an enemy who is on an adrenaline rush is like signing your death warrant. This is the reason behind retreating crusades suffering higher number of causalities.The Decision to KillThis is the hardest decision every fighting man has to take on the battlefield. This decision is influenced by many factors. Every soldier who is shooting may not be trying to kill his opponent. He might fire on order. But it is difficult to expose whether he is trying to kill. Case in point being 152000 rounds ratio which I talked about in the Vietnam War.A majority of people will hesitate before killing another human being, unlike what is portrayed in the movies. They will do it only when they are pushed to the corner and this affects them psychologically in a big way.The Distance. A major factor which affects the decision whether to kill is the distance between a soldier and his enemy. The distance can be broadly classified into two physical distance and stirred up distance.Emotional Distance. Emotional distance has nothing to do with the physical distance between a soldier and his enemy. He can kill his opponent at closer ranges provided he is able to achieve some sort of emotional distance from the enemy.Moral Distance. Moral distance considers that the enemy is wrong in his ethical motive and ethics.Social Distance. A fighting man uses social distance to kill an opponent he conside rs socially inferior to him.Mechanical distance. Mechanical distance comes into play when the enemy is not seen by ones own eyes. He is seen though a mechanical medium. It could be a screen, a display or a scope. Therefore the trauma of seeing the target as a real human is avoided.The front of an officer does wonders to a soldiers willingness to kill an enemy. Other factors which contribute are the want of revenge, execration or mortal fear. However, studies show that the most important factor which propels a soldier to shoot and kill his enemy is the feeling that if he doesnt kill, he will let down his comrades.THE EFFECTS ON THE FIGHTING MANpsychiatric CasualtiesIt has been proven that the longer a soldier is exposed to combat situations, the more are the chances that he will become a psychiatric contingency. Now, what is a psychiatric casualty? He can be defined as any militarily ineffective soldier in whom the overriding factors producing ineffectiveness are of psychological as opposed to physical or neuropsychiatric origin.How long does it take for an average soldier to become a psychiatric casualty? Roy Swank and Walter Marchand, both US soldiers doctors conducted a study2 during world war II and came out with a result that 98% of all hold up soldiers will become psychatirc casualties after sixty days of continuous combat. The remaining 2% were already place with having aggressive psychopath tendencies. So to put it in lighter vein, a combat building block goes altogether crazy at the end of sixty days.Manifestations of Psychiatric CasualtiesThe effects of being a psychiatric casualty can be of varied forms. It may also affect different individuals at different degrees. This in no way means that the mental stability of an individual is lost and he is no more capable of fighting. In most cases a window of proper rest away from the frontline will ease in alleviating combat stress.Fatigue. The first and foremost manifestation of combat stress from a prolonged battle is Fatigue. It is nothing but the soldier being tired and is in no mood to do anything.Confusional State. If the labour is not checked in time, a psychiatric casualty can reach Confusional State. In guileless terms, a person is lost.Ganser Syndrome. If a soldier does not slip into Confusional state, he may be affected by something called Ganser syndrome3. In this, he starts avoiding fear by substituting it with humour.Conversion Hysteria. A knockout form of Confusional state is called Conversion Hysteria. It can happen while the combat is own or it may surface years later. A psychiatric casualty suffering from Conversion Hysteria looses touch with reality. He cannot distinguish potential dangers. He becomes insensitive to his own security. He may just wander into minefields or enemy fire.Anxiety DisordersContinuous state of anxiety during combat creates havoc in a soldiers short sleep. He feels that he is always tired irrespective of the amount of rest or sle ep he gets. He starts getting nightmares and can also be obsess with death. He doubts his ability and starts suspecting that he is coward and may fail his colleagues. The symptoms of increased anxiety states are breathlessness, blurred vision, tremors, temporary paralysis and fainting.Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is another effect which can be caused by anxiety. A soldiers filiation pressure may increase radically even years after his combat experience make profuse sweating and nervousness.Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD). Anxiety can also cause OCD. The behavioural variety of soldiers with OCD are similar to that of those suffering from Conversion Hysteria. The major difference is that he is aware of his surroundings and actions. quotation Disorders. Anxiety can also cause Character Disorders in a soldier. A soldier becomes obsessed with particular actions or objects. This may result in him being paranoid about his personal safety.SOLUTIONSWhat are the possib le solutions to these issues? First and foremost will be proper training and indoctrination. It definitely needs to be sufficient to ensure that it if not prevents, at least delays the onset of combat stress.The next step should be to identify potential psychiatric casualties as early as possible. Presence of trained counselors and psychiatrists are also essential to ensure that these potential cases do not develop into full blown psychiatric casualties.Units need to be rotated at the front on a regular basis. A crazy unit at the end of sixty days of combat duty is not only detrimental to themselves, they are dangerous to the nation too.The final solution remains that of damage control. A psychiatric casualty should be addressed clinically. There should be counsellers at the rear to take care of potential cases.CONCLUSIONThe aim was not to question the capability or motivation of soldiers. It was to bring to light that every armed force today is treading on thin ice as far as the we ll being of the soldiers is concerned. Psychiatric casualties may take out a good part of a force, maybe more than what will fall prey to enemy bullets. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention the psychology of a fighting man, to take a leak what drives him, what holds him back and what other than mortal wound will take him out of the equation in a battlefield.BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Grossman, Dave On Killing The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society. rude(a) York Backbay Books, 1996.2. Bray, Charles W. Psychology and Military Proficiency. New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1969.3. Watson, Peter War on the Mind. capital of the United Kingdom Hutchinson and Company (Publishers) Ltd, 1978.1 Collins, Randall Violence A Micro-sociological Theory Princeton University Press, 2008, pp. 582 Swank, Roy L., and Marchand, Walter E. Combat Neuroses Development of Combat Exhaustion, Archives of . neurology and Psychiatry, American Medical Association, Chicago, IL, USA. vol. 55, 1946, pp. 236-247.3 http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703401 accessed on 02 Aug 13