PG Pakistan

PG Pakistan base to the put up-I would like to introduce our product, I choose the product Pampers by Procter and guess. I analyzed the tradeing environs of the company and its competitors around, on the unhurt the master(prenominal) focus go out be on the marketing variety of the product which will include carrefour, Price, aim and onward motion analysis, Including the brief heavyset at the end of the project with some conclusions and recommendations.Brief History of the union-PG Pakistan is a subsidiary of the Procter and seek Corporation the leading consumer goods company with a mission to improve the lives of consumers wherever it operates. PG is an international Company reaching place to almost the entire world population with more than 250 brands in cxxx countries. Many of these world brands (Ariel, Tide, Pert Plus, Pantene pro-V, Head Shoulders, Pampers and Al styluss) have become illustrious house subscribe to bods and argon found in almost any plaza. Hea dquartered in Cincinnati-Ohio in the USA, PG has local anaesthetic operations across the globe in more than 80 disparate countries, including numerous manufacturing sites and 18 RD-technical centers. PG is an internation completelyy owned company with publicly traded parcel of lands, currently owned by oer maven million shareholders from around the globe. PG employs over 100,000 people from alone over the world, string out evenly between 1-USA, 2-Europe/Middle East and Africa and 3-Latin America/Asia. PG hires and respects individuals no matter of race, color, religion, gender, age, national origin, citizenship or disability, and actively publicizes diversity within its organization as well as in its business operations.Procter Gamble started its operations in Pakistan in 1991 with the goal of becoming the finest global local consumer goods company operational in Pakistan. With commitment came growth, and in 1994 we acquired a soap-manufacturing facility, a sprawling 7-a cre polish at Hub, Balochistan. Over the past cabaret yrs, the plant achieved state-of-art manufacturing technologies and quality authorisation processes. With a recent strategic investment of 5 million dollars, the omit soap take capa city jumped three-fold. As a company Procter Gamble have always believed in the potential Pakistan has as a uncouth and a nation to develop and excel. No wonder PG Pakistan, within the cobblers last 12 years, has reinvested over $100 million in Pakistan and has contri thoed close to seven-spot billion rupees to the Pakistani governments revenues over the last 5 years in the form of sales tax, customs and excise duties. That is alike why 99% of the jobs that PG Pakistan creates in Pakistan are held by Pakistanis. All this makes PG a more locally involved company than many a(prenominal) companies actually headquartered in Pakistan P G quotes We proudly celebrate being a part of the Pakistani way of life.(Official Website Statement)Somethin g close our Product-Our product is Pampers and the brief history of Pampers is as follows- original Mills was an Ameri faecal matter chemical engineer who, while dissembleing for the Procter Gamble Co., revolutionized child care with the invention of the disposable napkin he began work on that product in the 1950s, victimization his grandchildren as test subjects (b. 1897d. Nov. 1, 1997).(Britannica Encyclopedia) developing of Pampers-Evolution of Pampers has been carried out by its invention in 1950 to present year 2006. Today, Pampers offers a variety of customized sub-brands to address a childs growing (and going) needs. Globally Pampers is the unquestioned leader with over 50 percent of the market share. Addressing an international stronghold, the home page of Pampers on web shouts out a welcome to over 20 different nations, offering versions of the site in many languages. In line with its aim to build a go-to site, Pampers.com contains a wealth of parenting k instantaneou sly-how. The majority of said know-how is assembled courtesy of a section called the Pampers Parenting Institute(Vivian Manning, Web Article)Introduction of Pampers in Pakistan-In August 2000, Procter Gamble launched Pampers in Pakistan. Local consumers welfare from this globally renowned product that is approved by standards of the Human safe Reassurance Program and also endorsed by the International Society of Pediatricians. Imported from Saudi Arabia, Pampers is hireed locally and aims to provide a cave in parenting experience to Pakistani mothers.(Official Web Statement) commercialiseing intermingle Analysis- The set of all controllable tactical marketing tools, product, worth, place, and advances .that a whole blends to produce the response it wants in the target market.(Kotler, 11 Ed)merchandising mix includes- Product Price Place advancement We will analyze all the four categories of Marketing Mix-First of all we would like to tell about some of the competitors of the Pampers.As Pampers is manufactured by PG in Saudi Arabia and packed in Pakistan, They hold a significant place in the market with some local CompetitorsCompetitors-Strong competitors-There is no such string Competitors of Pampers in Pakistan all the same(p) some new companies recently entered the scene in last a few(prenominal) years.Weak Competitors-In some what weak Competitors following competitors are at that place- tyke Master (Comfort plus) youngster master Comfort plus Diapers are made by Z J hygienic products private limited.LG category Health Care-LG recently launched its botch diapers in the brand name of Maman Premium Some Foreign Brands-Foreign brands of Huggies, Luvs Pampers Its self are competitors to Pampers exchange in Pakistan, but they are afforded by few people in the country.PRODUCT-Name- PampersParts of Product (Pampers) Core part or BenefitsThe core parts or benefits of bollix ups is it provide spoil care, form the precise tender age of 2 mon ths to 4 years, Pampers is the brand which introduced the world to the creation of the disposable diaper. Actual partsActual parts of Pampers are different sizes of packet boats which come under the age Category of the child like it ranges from 2 months to 4 years. In Small, metier, Large sizes AugmentationAugmented part we can assert that Pamper.com international website deals with delicate sensibilities of new parents, this area offers free expert advice by dint of alliances with organizations and Pamper is also the innovator of Pampers Baby care Mobile Clinic, which is a door to door activity that educates Mothers about the key benefits of Pampers and on Baby care tips. PackagingPampers packaging is done in Pakistan, and the company has introduced many packs for different segments of the markets depending upon the vitiates age group and weight.Small Pack with 9 foil diapers age ranging from 2 months to 8 months. Medium Pack includes 8 foul up diapers age ranging from 10 t o 28 months. Large Pack includes 7 flub diapers age ranging from 29 to 40 months survey Packs (Large Packs including 16-20 Diapers in all sizes.) Product Segmentation-The Company is targeting the common house hold of the country with the firm belief that the company provides the youngster care products to its very best. The awareness programme is being created by making many health issues seminars and mobile baby care services which guides the mothers to take breach care of their new born. Market is very much unclouded for all the competitors, the competitors are competing in the better product survival environment.PLACE-statistical distribution (Intermediaries) Channel-Company uses these levels of Distribution of Pampers-Distributor-There is one large distributor in the city (Lahore) .The distribution of the P G products in Lahore city is done by IBL Private limited.Small Distributors-The Pampers is distributed to the retailers by some small distributors which are define and are divided on the base of geographical area of the city. approachability-Pampers are very widely distributed through the group of both the main supplier in the city and small distributors, it is widely available at most retail shops in suburb, towns and pharmacies.Justification-The availability of the Pampers in the market is due to the knowledge of the people towards baby care, and pampers really innovates the culture of baby hygiene and care products, this is the main reason of its wide availability in the market. People are more conscious towards the baby health issues and pamper is one of the core product in that regard.PRICE- essential FactorsInternal factors affecting pricing of Pampers are Goal and ObjectivesCompanys goals and objectives are to maintain the market share of Pampers and to survive in the market. So company shifts its worths to increase sales and maintain its market position. Cost Aspects Actual Cost-Cost of production i.e. Cost includes its raw cost of impor ting from Saudi Arabia and its Packing in Pakistan. Costs involve in transportation of Pampers and its promotional Advertisements. Organizational esteemThe decisions regarding the worth of Pampers is undertaken by the mutual consent of PG (Brand Director), Pampers Marketing Managers, Pampers Brand managers and Companies activation manager. The up and down in the price of the Pampers is due to there Competitors price dodge.External Factors Market and DemandPampers has a stiff competition now a days due to two competitors competing along with Pampers ,In Winter magazine of year the demand for the baby diapers Increases so the company follows the promotional price dodging. Competitors set StrategyCompetitors price strategy also affects the price and promotional strategy of the Company, but Pampers holds quite good share in the market so Competitors whitethorn have the effect on the pricing strategy but t normal extent.Prices Ad only whenments TechniquesDiscount TechniquesPampers f ollows different discounts techniques for the distributors, retailers and consumers. The details are as follows.DistributorsPG offer 6% discount to their distributors on Pampers.RetailersPampers offer Rs. 8 to 10 to the retailers on each Pack offering them the pack for 90 to 92 Rs.ConsumersConsumer Price for the customary Pack in all sizes is Rs 100 and Value Pack is Rs 169Price Comparison of Pampers with other brandsBrandsQuantity (No Of Diapers) R.P S.TConsumer Price (Rs)Pampers modal(prenominal) Pack7-9 86.9012.10100Small size 9 86.9012.10100Medium Size 8 86.9012.10100Large Size 7 86.9012.10100Value Pack(All sizes) 14-18 144.2324.77169Baby MasterNormal Pack7-9 82 10.1394Small Size 9 82 10.1394Medium Size 8 82 10.13 94Large Size 7 82 10.13 94LG Maman DiapersNormal Pack7-9 82 10.1394Small Size 9 82 10.1394Medium Size 8 82 10.13 94Large Size 7 82 10.13 94PromotionPromotion Mix Advertising-P G uses extensive promotional tools to labor it product Pampers. The Advertising phenomeno n which is used for pampers promotional campaign is Educational Promotion, which authority that the advertisements on the media is purposely educative which define the mother child comparison ship with the use of Pampers .Most of the adds used in the media educate mothers of how to be better in baby care and to benefit the use of pampers for the toddlers.Objectives of Advertising-Pampers advertises on television all year round delivering the central message of anights sleep being essential for a childs growth and instruction, and the exclusively way to ensure a good nights sleep is to sustainment the baby dry. Pamper is also the innovator of Pampers Baby care Mobile Clinic, which is a door to door activity that educates Mothers about the key benefits of Pampers and on Baby care tips.Public Relations-Pampers forms a healthy relationship environment between mothers pampers and child, by building a complete figure of baby care phenomenon. alike recently A product upgrade on Pampe rs, was announced at a press conference in Karachi .The upshot also celebrated Pampers successful collaboration with the Pakistan Pediatric Association in delivering child welfare education to the Pakistani mothers.(Press Release Source)Sales Promotion-Pampers has always offered sales promotions for its customers by introducing the Value Packs from time to time, also offers discounts on its Value packs to strengthen its Sales Promotions.Selection of Media-Pampers have used all types of media sources available in the country like Television, Radio, Bill boards, poster adds.Marketing Mix Analysis-Recommendations and Conclusions-The product mixfor Pampers is broad and it contains a thickheaded line. The special feature of Pampers is the new diaper core design including a new dual acquisition system which attentions to improve the condition of babys tegument through a better dryness performance. The Pampers core takes in body of water from the diaper surface after loading. Fast acq uisition minimizes babys contact time with the skin. A homogeneous blend of cellulose and a very absorbent framework result in efficient distribution of the GM. The storage technology locks the piddle away so that it cannot return to the babys skin. Leg elastics, barrier leg cuffs and the shank shield are added to provide greater leakage prevention. The fastening strips accord the diaper to be refastened over and over again. Balsam lotion on the top-sheet provides entertain and moisturizing to babys skin, each time he moves.Furthermore, markingis also important to Pampers. Every label clearly shows thePamper logo on its package. Labeling is also used as a way to educate consumers. Forexample, Pampers had a public campaign educating parents of the impressiveness of placingtheir baby on their prat to sleep to help prevent choppy Infant Death Syndrome (Back tosleep). The Back to Sleep message was printed on the back of all packages on diapersin order to educate and inform consu mers of this secure matter.price-Pampers is a premium product that has a substitutes available in Pakistan suchas Baby Care, LG Maman Diapers, private and generic brands, Cloth Diapers. Pricing isdone so that Pampers is economically affordable by all households. In addition, they use psychological pricing all of theirproducts prices end with a nine. This makes theconsumer feel they are receiving a good value for their money. Pricing is also elastic consumers may buy a different product if the price of that productis better. This is one reason why Pampers usescompetition-based pricingwhendetermining what the price for their products will be. Pampers major competitor is pricesfor the diapers are basically the same. This helps to maintain their persona of the marketshare. However, Pampers diaper wipe line costs a undersize more thanBaby Care, LGMaman Diaperswhich gives Pampers the advantage of focusing on the quality of theirdiaper wipe line.Distribution for Pampers is intensive, al lowing them to reach their target markets thusstaying competitive with their competitors. Pampers can be found in most grocery, dodge, drugstores, and retail stores.. Since Pampers products are convenienceproducts distributing their products in many stores helps Pampers to remain competitive,maintain their market share, and gain a portion of the market as well. As market share ofPampers in Pakistan is 75 %(official website source)The promotional mixof Pampers contains a variety of elements through non personalselling. These elements include advertising, product placement, sales promotions, andpublic relations. All these methods of promotion are consistent with Pampers message. Advertising is done in magazines that pertain more often than not to parenting, TV commercials, andbillboards. Recently Pampers decided to cut back on their TV commercial air time andconcentrate more of their advertising using product placement(Flint, 2005)Sales promotionsare done on a continuous basis with P ampers. These types ofpromotions most normally include coupons, displays, rewards, and samples. Furthermore,they utilize discipline marketing to some extent by brochures, and pamphlets that educateparents about their childs development stage while promoting and informing consumersabout their products. PG in Pakistan, produces bar soaps and repacks bulk shampoosinto sachets and bulk Pampers into smaller Pampers packsPampers uses public relations throughout its entire global market. They make donationsto many causes and are associated with many prominent organizations in Pakistan. LikeThey Step up to provide services to Earth Quake inject areas last year in Pakistan. Theyhave an global website for parents and healthcare professionals that help educate them onmany aspects of babies and toddlers.Pampers has been successful in developing a well integrated communications strategy.Their message is consistent and they have unified their promotions to ensure that theconsumers are well inf ormed about their products. By educating parents about thedevelopmental stages from newborn to toddler, Pampers has been able to successfullypromote it products at the same time.Indicated Action/Recommended Changes- even up though Pampers has a well built strategy in place, there is always room forimprovement. Two areas where improvements could be apply are in extendingtheir product line and developing new promotional strategies. Their product line could beextended to include bath products such as baby soap and shampoo for the baby. Thiswould be good in educating parents the importance of teaching cleanliness to their babies.Some what high prices of Pampers could not extensively sop up the low income people inPakistan, We recommend that Pampers could introduce the Value pack of 5 Diapers for50 Rs, to attract the most part of population, The cost may be very large initially, but wethink that this change will work wonder in long run for the Pampers ever blinding future inPakistan, People with low income use to buy open pamper pack , like one or two routine ata time, and retailers benefit this opportunity by charging high prices it could be madepublicly beneficial by introducing small packs containing 2 -3 diapers. Lastly, Pampers could promote their product a little more vigorously. For example, to gain new customers and keep loyal customer they could place a coupon for diapers on their package or inside the package of diapers. This could help increase sales since few customers would want to switch to another brand that has a better price. Even though they do have the rewards program for purchasing Pampers, not all customers get to reap these benefits due to lack of internet or just not being aware of the program. Coupons would give all the fair prognosis of being rewarded by saving money when they purchase their products

Main purpose of job design

of import break up of romp programmeThe main suggest of trouble function is for woodland, speed, dep closingability, flexibility, cost, health and safety. This is the instruction to achieve greatness in conducting their operative style and ricking skilful schoolniques. Globalization is claimed that it exit economic aid in increasing the economic successfulness and prospect in the developing the world. Globalization go forth overhaul the fraternity to take a shit more profit and a serve up of advantages. Not unless profit and advantages crowd out be gain, globoseization volition in manage manner brace its own disadvantages. knocked out(p) line of credit formulations include the corporals in making the harvest-feast, where is the crop world manufacture and who is producing the end product. This is the strategy to break the implys and whole t angiotensin-converting enzyme for the node. Borrowing engine room from equip manufacturers is in any c ase one of the friendship strategies. Process of manufacturing the product leave alone similarly stand by in maintaining the fiber follow the unfermentedest technologies and trend. This exit help in saving the cost and fulfil the bespokeer fates. apparel manufacturing surgeryes and the notice factors in the design of products and services for p trouncingslips are covered in this assignment. Shoe manufacturing epoch and the system of the manufacturing member trip up out be discussed in detailed. The attain factor of designs of apparels product which includes the tog in fix and sole portion and various type of service provided in horseshoe manufacturing including the later(prenominal) gross sales services are presented in this assignment. as well, discussion and elaborating of step intend and musical note temper helpes in achieving spunky bring aboutance products and services for amount with. thither are some varied forest prep for the production and the calibre hold back for untried commensurateness such(prenominal) as applying some ISO quality stock(a) as a prove for the come up family. ISO 9000 is the series of quality standard which bounceing the importance of quality and reliability. shade and costing is related to separately some otherwise, catch a levelheaded quality product provided send away touch the family financi each(prenominal)y strong besides it to a fault raftnot be archived without the help from highschool engineering science apparel. The eon was a profit for the company we need high technology railway carries to accession the amount of products with greater and stable quality. last-place section of this assignment, describe about the profit that the company earned throughout the socio-economic classs since it was taken over by the current chairman, Mr. James S Davis, based on the industrial abridgment did by a company called DATAMONITOR and the Factsheet announced by the company i tself at financial year 2010. hence we be get at a topic about the result to the company after the company ventured to impertinently market in Asia, and some about the retribution from the enthronisation on technological machineries that the company had spent on.IntroductionWhat is a gambol design? Job design is the principles and proficiencys to the manization of work, meliorate satisfaction, improve quality and disregard employee problems. It is a change to achieve satisfaction and conceive from con meater. What is world-wideization? Globalization is mean of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations. It is alike a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on valet de chambre physical well-being in societies around the world.What is strategy formula tion? Strategy formulation is a way of a company plan on its business strategy. Strategy formulation is vital to the well-being of a company or organization. This strategy has effects on the company which leave behind st wile out benefits. What is the process to get word the customer needs and quality? It is mean by how the raiment are being buildd. This process of making the office lead help to follow the modern trend of making the product and write cost.Furthermore, we concord mention clearly about precedent of quality control of new- net labyrinthine sense such as the step of the quality outfit from raw poppycock until final product. The definition of Total Quality contain (TQC) or Total Quality centering (TQM) was verbalize clearly here. The machines barter for from brisk dimension to subjoin their ability and control quality of their apparel. This helps new-sp strikeg(prenominal) Balance develop break dance designs, improve quality, and innovate their p rocess capabilities.To give rise a faithful quality and precision division in a huge number and reduce worker was an aim of all manufacturing gymnastic field company, but by using dedicatemade work is hard to do so. The only way thunder mug do is through high tech machine, by this way not only can come out a quality less reject part, on the other hand together reduce worker and birth company earn in nigh(a) selling and save a lot in outwear cost. This giveing begin the company finance to be strong and the antagonist of manufacturing field mill was the part that been produce reject and return from their customer, this impart make the company lost a lot in the costing. let us see what technology can help in manufacturing.New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. which is a privately held company that founded and based in Massach enjoymenttts in USA performance in finance. The company was graduation setup in 1906 as the manufacturer of arch supports and orthopedic shoes. like a shot the company is famous as the manufactures for running, hiking, tennis, basketball, cross upbringing shoes, and variety of acrobatic apparel. The company is being well known as the only shoe manufacturer still based in USA that offering its products in a coarse bunk of width size with high quality of craftsmanship, which generate one million million million of sales annually. According to the latest factsheet dated 2010, the company is making massive earnings after the business owner fetching over and decided to be more focus. The owner likewise invested lot of money to upgrade the manufacturing plant with newer technology machinery. Until now, the latest record press out that there was a total of $2.32 billion USD sales made in the financial year 2009, whereby $1.07 billion USD of annual sales in USA, $1.65 billion of annual sales cosmopolitan.Discuss the job design and method of work organisation employed by New Balance sight for twain local and global market to rem ain agonistical. Critically derive the advantages and disadvantages of red ink global.Job design purpose and objective is for quality, speed, dependability, flexibility, cost, health and safety. Job design is besides mean by application of working principles and proficiencys humanization of work. This is the way of conducting their working style and working techniques. The aim of job design is to make sure and improved the job satisfaction of the company.Improved quality of product is an objective of design. New Balance Corporation is a company that air on quality. New Balance is an athletic shoes company that primarily focus on performance rather than the outlook and style. The aim of job design is too to raise the productiveness levels, challenge and responsibility of ones work. eccentric is the New Balance shoes come in a wide range of widths and sizes. The quality can be achieve be fountain New Balance smart set acquire their philosophy which is listen, learn and refine. another(prenominal) method that New Balance Company theatrical roles is well- adept workers. The well train workers are train to perform different jobs and tasks. New Balance Company is creative by adapting to new technologies to shoemaking. The company also constantly give training to their employee in teamwork and skillful skills so they can work by sharing and helping each other on the task to make sure e precisething done on time.Dependability is a job design method that New Balance Company stresses on. New Balance Corporation is a company that design and manufacture their product in the linked States. Example of dependability is emptor or consumer lead look into where the product is manufacture be author consumer depend and religious belief product that are import from countries such as United States, Germany, lacquer and others.Reduce employee problem is also one of the main purpose of job design. Job design is an aimed to reduce or overcoming job dissatisfaction and em ployee bad behavior arising. Dissatisfaction and employee bad behaviour arising will cause the employee to make mistake. Once the employee make mistake thusly accident will happen and that will cause health and safety. caterpillar tread shoes of new balance company is made United States. This is the culture where it produces close to the customers and also allots quick turnarounds on new design and order fulfilment. This is the flexibility of the company to fulfil the desire of customer to purchase the product.One of the method that New Balance Corporation is they resist to hire superstars to endorse its product and this will also help to runway a lot of cost. Borrowing technology from apparel manufacturers is also one of the company methods. This will help the company to save money and also following the modern trend.Globalisation is claimed that globalization increases the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing world. at that place are advantages of globalisa tion and also disadvantages on going global.Advantages of globalisationStaying in one country is not a good method to remain competitive, so the New Balance Corporation chooses to launch a strategy to distribute all over the existence. To gain more profit is a company aims. Profit can be gain by expand their products to all over the globe. Expand the products to worldwide will be a global marketing advantage. From the global business, New Balance Company can be advertised on the earnings and customers can easily view and purchase wherever and whenever they want. Advertising in the internet is a good advantage for the global business. Increased sales are for sure under the advertising in the internet. Under the global marketing, higher profits can be earn and achieve. New cognition and experience is also an advantage under the internet global marketing. Another advantages going global is jobs been created. Once the company invested in another country, the job opportunity created. O nce there are jobs for people, the economy will run smoothly. Wealth can be obtained under the global marketing and productivity can growth wider. Wealth can be obtained means that human is going to gain money and an easier lifestyle. When going global, business will not only depend on the existing market but it will also have wide scale market. This means that new markets and producing self-propelled sales can be obtain easily. The brand can consent maintains their brand image. When the consistency in brand image is achieved, the brand will became famous and popular. This will also bring to higher sales and profit. Besides that, good ideas will be gain under going global. hefty ideas can be gain from any individual in the globe and that can lead to a expose design. This will help to cite what consumer needs and wants for their product. Going global will also establish good blood mingled with countries. After establish good relationship between countries, free trade between c ountries also increases. Furthermore, the flexibility of corporations to operate crossways borders increases. This will ensure the company to run their business smoothly and without difficulties.Disadvantages of globalisationGlobal marketing also have its disadvantages which is the difference of consumer response can be unpredictable. Some of the product might be selling degenerate and out of stock. Differences of consumer likes will cause the product to pile up and cannot be sold. Product that cannot be sold might go for a very cheap price and that might cause losses to the company. The disadvantage on internet marketing is when their product is promoted in the internet they will have to compete with different type of brand and product development. Besides that, the disadvantages also include differences in consumer patterns such as needs and wants that is influence by their regional. Differences in legal concerns may also create conflict to the hearth market. Language barrier i s a disadvantage on going global because different countries have their own languages and they might not understand English. There are also additional costs to set a website on the internet. Besides that, advertising and maintaining the website will also cost another sum of money. Another disadvantage on going global is the company will faces a lot of challenges and competitive environment. The company will face challenges from other brand that offer cheaper and quality product. Cultural problems are also a disadvantage for the globalization. This will endanger the age old cultures which have been followed sacredly all over the world. There are many countries which would never twin when it comes to culture or religion. The influence of local cultures and tradition will belatedly start to wear down when the migration become easy. Globalization will also increase the spread of diseases. Disease can be spread because of the increase in flow people. This will cause human to vulnerabl e to health issues. Conclusion is there are advantages and disadvantages of going global.Done by Lai Kiat Xiang pursue the strategy formulation and processes to continuously improve to meet the customer needs, and quality at lower cost.Shoe is a type of understructurewear that protects and supports the foot. Running shoes or athletic shoes is different from the ordinary shoes. The rubber eraser on athletic shoes helps to cushion the hard surfaces when running. The construction of athletic shoes is important in order to prevent injuries and giving a good balancing and support while running.Running shoes can be divided into twain main sections which is focal ratio covers the top of the foot and the sole. The two main sections can be divided into three which is innersole, midsole and outsole.The process of the running shoe is starting at the front on the speed part is feather line. This is where the edge is form. The edge is form where the toe refuge tip meets the interpenetrat e of the shoe. A single piece of material that gives consideration to a shoe and forms the toe box is call a cook up. The vamp has an attachments some sort of a throat which it contains the eyestay and entwine section. Under the lacing section is the tongue. The tongue protects the foot from direct contact with the laces.Reinforcementums are tie to the vamp along the sides of the shoe. There are two types of reinforcements. First, it is the saddle. The saddle is when it is fix on the outside of the puntbone of the reinforcements. The second type of the reinforcements is called an arch truss where if it is sewn on the inside.Collar is a part where it is further towards the back of the shoe. Collar usually has an Achilles tendon protector at the top back of the shoe. The foxing shapes the rear end of the shoe and underneath there is a plastic cup which it is use to support the slant. The plastic cup which supports the wiener is called the list counter.Figure 1Figure 1 in a higher place is showing how shoe is made. The first step as we can see from the diagram above is involving the die cutting. The shoe parts are cut in a cookie cutter fashion. The pieces that are cut will form the amphetamine part of the shoe. The pieces will be stitched or cemented together and the velocity part will be form. After the pieces were cemented, the velocity will looks like a round hat rather than a shoe. This extra material is called the lasting margin. After that, lace holes will be punched out. After that, a last which is a plastic take form is use to fit the upper in the first place the upper is cement with the insole board. The upper has to heat before fit on to a last. It is then both the upper and insole board is press together to get bond. Midsole and outsole is then cemented on to the upper. onwards midsole and outsole is cemented to the upper, both of the outsole and midsole will have to be align and bond together. When the cement is cool, the shoe is re moved from the last. The midsole is designed to absorb the shock and the wedge is designed to supports the heel. The insole which is arch support is located inside the shoe. Below is a sample of a transactd running shoe.One of the strategies to improve to meet the customer needs and quality is by manufacturing some of its product in America. When the product is manufacture in America, impudence of buyers will increase. The trust of buyers increase because America product is a trusted product analyse to other countries. Example is whenever a product is being manufacture in China, consumer and buyers will think twice before purchasing the product.Besides that, New Balance has their own strategy formulation on their product which is their own technical innovations. The technical innovation is such as a blend of gels inserts, heel counters and a greater selection of sizes. Some people might have a larger foot and New Balance Company is producing a greater selection size of shoes.Qual ity control is one of the strategies by the New Balance Company. New Balance Company is producing a good quality of shoes because of the ingredients and materials in making their shoes. The ingredient is such as gel, air or plastic on making the midsoles. The inner side of the midsole is often made of firm material such as polyurethan (PU), ethylene vinyl group acetate (EVA) or combination of them. This material is use in order to prevent overpronation of the foot. Polyurethane is used in the heel area and a very thin layer of ethylene vinyl acetate is used in the insole.Besides that, New Balance Company also uses investing in other countries as their strategy to get their customer needs. Once the company invest in that country, the customer will get the product easily and the goods dont have to be import from America. This will also cut the cost on the product. Borrowing technology from apparel manufacturers is also one of the company strategies to cut cost and still following the modern trend.Done by Lai Kiat Xiang3. Critically observe the shoe manufacturing processes and examines the key factors in the designs of products and services.In their manufacturing process line, its not only about custody but also with the robotic machines. It is why New Balance also brings in the new technology from apparel manufacturers and spends $100,000 for both see-and- sews machines which able to produce a duet of shoes in 24minute compare with 3 hours use if in China and get high productivity with efficiency speed.Shoe manufacturing sequenceDesign for shoe sole n upper and provide material detailCreate shoe sole mould to make exclusive sole and insole.Make a sample or prototype for testing. live with implemented on the product.Final products come out.Start production for shoe sole and insole.Cutting, sewing, lasting and finishingQuality control and delivery order.How to recompense customizations on shoe manufacturing with systematically?A. Satisfaction fitting impactM aterials The Main reason should concern for good quality shoe is the shoe material. The relationship between suppliers and manufacturers must be good and both must be able to solve problems together and suppliers must fast react on the specific material orders.B1. Outlook customizationThe customization of shoes may include the upper material colours and outlook designs. If a manufacturing systems have a high capability to satisfy aesthetic customization that allow buyer choose their shoes colours, it must be a great set of coloured materials or the material can be dye the upper portion.B2. Shoe accessoriesShoe accessories such as bows, decoration or any particular lace may add into the shoes to add to the standard station.C1. The materials are call for to satisfy transpiration or thermal request with much kind of different materials.C2. Due to various types of materials, technical could needs for particular stitching technique different by the standard way for the leather. It may n eeds a flexible stitching station which able to adapt to different typology.C3. If the insole production system have the capability to satisfy shock submergence of the production customization of the sole, it may needs more complex and right technique to realize a various set of shock absorption. State of the art technology is used to identify the right shape of human feet to custom orthotic foot bed. A typical scan of human leg will be tested and this let the manufacturer able to make the or so comfortable orthotic insole.After inspected, cleaned, curryed and polished, heel socks, laces and the brand label will be added, then the QC (quality chase awayed) will be approved and the shoes will be packed and ready to sell.After sales services also available from some shoes company.Method for doing an orthopaedic shoe conveySplit the sole in half, add the material build up to your specified height, taper off correctly at the front, and then reattach the bottom of your sole. This me thod ensures an aesthetically pleasing look as well as being very comfortable and unnoticeable.Add a shoe wax and build up to the full length of the sole.This is the correct way to do it and all of shoe lifts are done this way unless specified otherwise. wherefore need a build up of the sole, but not secure use an insoleInsoles are bad for foot when used for this purpose and can cause problems in back. The correct and safe way is to have a build up.How high of a shoe lift can build?There is corrected leg length discrepancies for patients as high as 6 borderes and are not limited to that.Any shoe can add shoe lift?Any shoe with a full length concrete sole will take to a shoe lift nicely, and shoe manufacturer work with running shoes, dress shoes, work and hiking boots, and play shoes too.Charge for shoe lifts?Cost starts at $39.99 for a half inch and an additional $14.99 for every quarter inch thereafter. There are additional charges for harder to split soles like the ones in boo ts and golf shoes.Done by Wong Yng Chung4. Discuss and elaborate the necessity of quality planning and quality control processes in achieving high performance products and services for the company.Quality control for New Balance can beDimensions of sole and insoleDimensions of various shoe sizeColour, pattern and designsMaterial of the shoe ginger snap/durability of the shoeLife time of the shoeQuality check from captainRemain the shoes quality for different production lineReliability of shoes box packaging for delivery.Solid, long term compact with trustable suppliers.Ensuring in-store safety and qualityNew technology to improve the effectiveness and quality of production.Total Quality Control (TQC) or Total Quality Management (TQM) refers to quality control beyond the sustaining of quality. These two concepts may lead to repetitive increases in quality.Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, recipient of many awards, including the Deming Prize, Total Quality Control as a system of inventing and im plementing quality technologies into various departments of a company engineering, production, sales and service all this is purposely for satisfying customers. He stated that viewed chronologically, TQC is only the first stage of Companywide Quality Control (CWQC). CWQC incorporates quality function deployment (QFD), where as TQC does not. QFD is a design procedure that introduces quality control in product development. It is a formal mechanism that guarantees the comment of the customer is heard throughout all the phases of manufacturing a product or providing a service.As Dale Besterfield stated in his book Quality Control, the deliverance of a quality product or service requires the responsible integration of all the firms departments such as marketing, product engineering, purchasing, manufacturing engineering, manufacturing, and inspection and testing, packaging and shipping, and customer service. TQC is far more than sustaining quality, as it may include control systems, empl oyee relations and organizational behaviour, statistical process control, and Japanese management techniques.Quality control techniques and standards, affecting almost all aspects of business, have now been adopted at national and international levels. The Malcolm Baldrige interior(a) Quality Award exemplifies the former. President Ronald Reagan signed the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality expediency Act on 20th of August 1987. The act was the culmination of a national campaign to improve the quality of goods and services in the United States. The award represents the highest level of recognition that an American company can receive.On an international level, the ISO 9000 series of quality standards was first published in 1987. These standards reflect the importance of quality and reliability as critical factors for achieving and maintaining worldwide competitive advantage. Another example is the international environment management standard, ISO 14001. Companies worldwide use thi s standard as a blueprint to develop and refine indwelling environmental management systems.New Balance purchased 70units see-and- sew machines in 1 short and set up on machine shops to grind the 30 templates need for a typical shoe. Each set of templates took about 1 week, but they manage to make their workers to produce a pair of shoes in 24minute compare with 3 hours use if in China and get high productivity with efficient speed.High salary paid for their workers such as well-trained employees are able to make $14 an hour. All of these well-trained employees can be perform well and they are performing half a dozen different jobs and switching task every few minute. The efficiency of the manufacturing has been increase. Every person of them able to operate computerised sewing equipment and automated stitches that of 20 peoples work.New balance corporate also remain competitive at home by introduce new technologies to shoe making creatively. continuously training is also provided for their employees either in teamwork or technical skills to improve their employees quality. Firstly, employees start with 22hours of classroom training on teamwork and get constant training on the factory floor. Then they will work in teams of quintuplet or six, sharing task and helping one another until make sure everything get done. In this teamwork function, many ideals about improvement of process will be come from shop floor workers.In their manufacturing process line, its not only about manpower but also with the robotic machines. They also bring in the new technology from apparel manufacturers and spend $100,000 for every see-and- sew machines. The most impressive part is they purchased 70units in 1 time and set up on machine shops to grind the 30 templates need for a typical shoe. Each set of templates took about 1 week, but they manage to make their workers to produce a pair of shoes in 24minute compare with 3 hours use if in China. Labour cost per shoe is $4 hour in M aine compare to $1.30 in China, it is a range of $2.70 for every shoe which is 4percent more from the selling price of $70. But good salary paid is worth-able when they get high productivity with efficient speed. investing time on the manufacturing process helps New Balance develop better designs, improve quality, and innovate their process capabilities. By the way, if it outsourced all of its production then this would cause the company to suffer lost financially.Done by Wong Yng Chung5. carefully observe how the reduced-quality product would affect the company financially. Discuss the financial analysis to justify the use of technology in the shoe manufacturing operation.For a company the quality of product is very important to convince customer to trust and buy their product, it totally affect companies financial once the product that produce rejected and returned. The cost of transport will be charge to company for the return part. Besides that, normally reject part will cause line down if the part very urgent to support to the end customer, means that the cost will to be charge to our company neb due to our reject part.When the reject part was returned, company have to behave manpower to rework for the part and extra costing will be count for the rework base on how many hours involve to complete the reject batch. If unfortunately the reject bath cannot rework it have to be scrap, means that extra issue cost will be needed for the raw material besides that production have to be rearrange to rebuild for the reject quantity.Once reject part was found internally, the machine have to be stop and realignment or resetting to make sure come out part will be in good quality. On the other hand, some time it will take one or half day to refitting or resetting regarding to the reject defect,This will cause no output for the day and fail the shipment for that day. Delay shipment also will cause penalty by quantity not large for the customer.To come out a quality product for new balance, a modular manufacturing (teamwork) system were introduced. With this system it come out a better quality control and more efficient production, this system was improved with associates trained on more than one job in the factory, which meant a more varied days work and tighter quality control for the product. For the year 1991, production only can run around 2000 3000 pairs of shoes in a week and steadily increased to 4771 pairs of shoes per week by 1993 and continue increased to 7403 pairs of shoes by year 1996 and to 9787 pairs of shoes by 1998. The factory and finally broke the one million pair of shoes per year barrier in 2003. 11To produce big amount quantity and quality of shoes in a day, we need help from the technology and undoable to produce big amount and precision part by human. For example by using the inversion type rubber shoe-mould finalizing machine, it was a professional shoe making equipment which integrates the vulcanization, stitching a nd finalizing all process can be done by it and was fully function of automatic program control can save a lot of labour cost. Besides that it was a control by hydraulic pressure system it can keep constant the temperature, deflate, draw pattern and also control time automatically. The betrothal of the mechanical connecting bar structure was to ensure no split of mould and degumming phenomenon during the vulcanizing process. Because of the machine is inversion type, the shoes surface can be unbroken clean, high quality jackboot and other military shoes also can be produce by it. This is the advantage of the technology and help company to save lots of labour cost and produce quality product and some of the process is impossible can be chance on by human being.12Besides that in the shoes mould technology with a precision mould it can produce two pair of shoes in a short cycle time compare with a handmade, presently of new moulding technology which can reduce of the cycle time and i ncrease in a number of cavities from two to four, this had been shown that the production efficiency has been improved with the help of the new improved shoes mould design for longer mould life and better quality parts, besides that by improved the cooling system of the mould penetration and separate core inserts it used to improve ventilation, reduced thickness of the part without any compromise on quality. By this new technology it allow the significant cost saving intelligence, process innovation, increase productivity, the preventive criminal maintenance qualit

A Pestel Analysis Of Malaysia Economics Essay

A Pestel Analysis Of Malayanansia economics Essay groundingDuring the late 18th and 19th centuries, Great Britain conventional colonies and protectorates in the subject argona of authorized Malaysia these were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ru carry on territories on the Malay Peninsula create the alliance of Malaya, which became s overeign in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the condition British colonies of Singapore and the East Malayan states of Sabah and Sarawak on the northern sliding board of Borneo joined the Federation. The send-off several days of the countrifieds history were marred by a Communist insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapores secession from the Federation in 1965. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR stash away Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from colony on exports of raw materials to expansion in manufac turing, function, and tourism. prudence overviewMalaysia, a centre-income country, has transformed itself since the 1970s from a producer of raw materials into an rising multi-sector economy. Under current Prime Minister NAJIB, Malaysia is attemp canisterg to achieve luxuriously-income status by 2020 and to move farther up the value-added product chain by attracting redactments in Islamic finance, high technology industries, medical technology, and pharmaceuticals. The NAJIB administration as well as is keep efforts to boost domestic demand and to wean the economy off of its colony on exports. Nevertheless, exports particularly of electronics re master(prenominal) a portentous driver of the economy.As an oil and gas exporter, Malaysia has profited from higher world energy prices, although the rising court of domestic gasoline and diesel fuel, combined with strained governing body finances, has constrained Kuala Lumpur to reduce government subsidies. The government is also trying to lessen its dependence on state oil producer Petronas, which supplies at least 40% of government revenue. The central bank brinytains healthy foreign exchange militia and its well-developed regulatory regime has limited Malaysias exposure to riskier pecuniary instruments and the global financial crisis. Nevertheless, decreasing worldwide demand for consumer goods hurt Malaysias exports and economic harvest-home in 2009, although both showed signs of recovery in 2010. In order to attract change magnitude investment, NAJIB has also sought to revise the special economic and brotherly preferences accorded to cultural Malays under the New Economic constitution of 1970, but he has encountered significant face-off, particularly from Malay agribusinessalists.StatisticsGDP $381.1 billion (2009 est.)Rank 30GDP growth 2.2% (2009 est.)GDP per capita $14,800 (2009 est.)GDP by sector agriculture 10.1% manufacturing 42.3% expediencys 47.6%Inflation (CPI) 0.4% (2009 est.) Population below exiguity line 3.5% (2007 est.)Labour pass by occupation agriculture (13%), industry (36%), services (51%)Unemployment 5% (2009 est.) of import industries Peninsular Malaysia rubber and palm oil processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber, tourism, pet powerum production and refining, loggingEconomic PoliciesThe Malaysian New Economic Policy was created in 1971 with the aim of take Malays a 30% sh atomic number 18 of the economy of Malaysia and eradicating poverty amongst Malays, primarily with encouraging enterprise self-command by Bumiputeras. After 30 years of the program, the NEP had somewhat met some of its goals. Bumiputera ownership increased to 18.9% in 2004 against 2.4% in 1970 and poverty decreased to 8.3% in 2004 against 64.8% in the 1970s.The NEP is accused of creating an oligarchy, and creating a subsidy mentality. policy- make parties such as Parti Keadilan Rakyat and Democratic Action Party pull in proposed a new policy which bequeath be equal for every Malaysian, no offspring of race. When the Democratic Action Party was elected in the state of Penang in 2008, it announced that it will do away with the NEP, claiming that it breeds nepotism, corruption and sy obeisanceic inefficiency.On April 21, 2009, the prime minister Najib Tun Razak has announced liberalisation of 27 services sub-sector by abolishing the 30% bumiputera requirement. The move is seen as the government efforts to increase investment the service sector of the economy. According to the premier, m whatever more sectors of the economy will be liberalized. On June 30, 2009, the premier announces besides liberation moves including the dismantling of the Bumiputera equity quotas and repealing the guidelines of the external Investment Committee, which was responsible to monitor foreign shargonholding in Malaysian companies. However, any Malaysian companies that wish to list in Malaysia would still need to domiciliate 50 percent of public shareholding spread to Bumiputera investors.Politics of MalaysiaThe politics of Malaysia takes swan in the framework of a federal constitutional monarchy, in which the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is transport of state and the Prime Minister of Malaysia is the head of government. Executive world-beater is exercised by the federal government and the 13 state governments. Federal legislative power is vested in the federal sevens and the 13 state assemblies. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature, though the executive maintains a certain level of process in the appointment of settle to the courts.The Constitution of Malaysia is codified and the system of government is based on the Westminster system.Malaysia has a multi- semi governmental party system since the first direct option of the Federal legislative Council of Malaya in 1955 on a first-past-the-post basis. The ruling party since then has always been the Alliance Party (Malay Parti Perikatan) coalition and subsequently from 1973 onwards, its trans speckle the Barisan Nasional (National Front) coalition. The Barisan Nasional coalition currently consists of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) and 11 other policy-making parties.Although Malaysian politics has been sexual intercoursely stable, critics allege that the government, ruling party, and administrationare intertwined with few countervailing forces. However, since 8 March 2008 General Election, medias coverage on countrys politics has been noticeably increased, making the politics more transparent to the citizens.The current Prime Minister is Dato Seri Mohd. Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak. He took office following the retirement of Dato Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (colloquially cognize as Pak Lah) on April, 2009.The field media are orotundly controlled by the government and by semipolitical parties in the Barisan Nasional/National Front ruling coalition and the contrary has little access to the media. The print media are controlled by the Government by means of the requirement of set ab bring outing annual publication licences under the Printing and Presses Act. In 2007, a government agency the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission issued a directive to all private television and radio stations to come to an end from broadcasting speeches made by opposition leaders. The official state political theory is the Rukunegara, which has been described as encouraging respect for a pluralistic, multireligious and multicultural society. However, political scientists earn argued that the slogan of Bangsa, Agama, Negara (race, religion, nation) used by UMNO constitutes an unofficial ideology as well. Both ideologies have generally been used to reinforce a fusty political ideology, one that is Malay-centredExecutive power is vested in the cab inet led by the prime minister the Malaysian constitution stipulates that the prime minister must be a member of the lower house of parliament who, in the opinion of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, commands a majority in parliament. The cabinet is chosen from among members of both houses of Parliament and is responsible to that body.In recent years the opposition have been campaigning for free and clearer elections within Malaysia. On 10 November 2007, a mass rally, called the 2007 Bersih Rally, took place in the Dataran Merdeka Kuala Lumpur at 3pm to demand for clean and fair elections. The gathering was organised by BERSIH, a coalition comprising political parties and gracious society groups(NGOs), and drew resisters from all over the country.Malaysias government has intensified efforts on March 6, 2008 to portray opposition figure Anwar Ibrahim as a political turncoat, days ahead of Malaysian general election, 2008 on March 8, 2008 that will determine whether he poses a legitimate threat to the ruling coalition. electioneering wrapped up March 7, 2008 for general elections that could see gains for Malaysias opposition amid angriness over race and religion among minority Chinese and Indians. Malaysians voted March 8, 2008 in parliamentary elections. Election results showed that the ruling government suffered a setback when it failed to obtain two-thirds majority in parliament, and five out of 12 state legislatures were win by the opposition parties. Reasons for the setback of the ruling party, which has retained power since the nation declared independence in 1957, are the rising inflation, crime and heathen tensions.Law of MalaysiaThe honor of Malaysia is mainly based on the common law legal system. This was a direct result of the colonisation of Malaya, Sarawak, and North Borneo by Britain from the early 19th century to 1960s. The supreme law of the land-the Constitution of Malaysia-sets out the legal framework and rights of Malaysian citizens. Federal laws enacted by the Parliament of Malaysia applies without the country. There are also state laws enacted by the State Legislative Assemblies which applies in the particular state. The constitution of Malaysia also provides for a unique soprano justice system-the secular laws (criminal and civil) and sharia laws.Dual justice systemThe triple system of law is provided in name 121(1A) of the Constitution of Malaysia. Article 3 also provides that Islamic law is a state law matter with the exception for the Federal Territories of Malaysia.1 Islamic law refers to the sharia law, and in Malaysia it is known and spelled as syariah. The court is known as the Syariah dally. Looking at the Malaysian legal system as a whole, sharia law plays a relatively small role in defining the laws on the country. It entirely applies to Muslims. With regards to civil law, the Syariah courts has jurisdiction in personal law matters, for simulation marriage, inheritance, and apostasy. In some states in that location are sharia criminal laws, for example there is the Kelantan Syariah Criminal Code Enactment 1993. Their jurisdiction is however limited to wonderful fines for an amount not more than RM 3000, and imprisonment to not more than 6 months.2 In August 2007, the then Chief Justice of Malaysia proposed to replace the current common law application in Malaysia with sharia law.3As an example of the dual system, sometimes a nightclub is raided, and Muslim patrons drinking intoxicant are prosecuted in Shariah courts, while the others are allowed to drink. Also the nightclub operator is not charged with any offense, because he is not de jure required to check if customers are Muslim before serving them.ComplicationsComplications have arisen with regard to the dual justice system, for example with regard to freedom of religion. Article 11 of the Constitution provides that Every person has the right to profess and send his religion. However in the case of Lina Joy-a Malay w ho converted to Christianity-the Federal Court of Malaysia refused to allow her to change her religion indicated in her identity card (MyKad). The judges held that they had no jurisdiction on the matter-that it was a matter of the Syariah Court, as indicated in Article 121(1A) of the Constitution.Technology in MalaysiaScience Policy in Malaysia is modulate by the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation. Other ministries, such as the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Health also have science departments. Training in scientific areas was produced during the 1970s and 1980s. From 1987-1997 look and development used 0.24% of GNP, and in 1998 high-tech exports made up 54% of Malaysias make exports.In 2002 the Malaysian National home Agency (Angkasa) was formed to deal with all of Malaysias activities in billet, and to promote space education and space experiments. It is focused on developing the RazakSAT orbiter, which is a remote sensing satellite with CCD camer as. In early 2006, Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor and three other finalists were selected for the Angkasawan spaceflight create by mental act. This programme came about when Russia agreed to transport one Malaysian to the International Space Station as part of a multi-billion dollar purchase of 18 Russian Sukhoi Su-30MKM fighter jets by the Royal Malaysian Air Force.In an effort to create a self-reliant defensive ability and support national development Malaysia privatized some of its military facilities in the 1970s. This has created a defense force industry, which in 1999 was brought under the Malaysia Defence Industry Council. The government continues to try and promote this sector and its warringness, actively marketing the defence industry. One way it does this is through the Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition, one of the largest defence and civil showcases in the Asia Pacific, on a regular basis attended by over 500 companies. The Malaysian Armed Forces relie s to a great extent on local military technology and high-tech weapons systems designed and manufactured by foreign countries. environs of MalaysiaThe purlieu of Malaysia refers to the biotas and geologies that constitute the natural environment of this Southeast Asian nation. Ecologically, Malaysia is a megadiverse nation with a biodiverse range of meant life and fauna found in various ecoregions throughout the country. Tropical rain lumbers comprehend from 59% to 70% of Malaysias total land area, of which 11.6% is pristine. Malaysia has the worlds fifth largest mangrove area, which totals over a half a zillion hectares (over 1.2 million acres).Human interpolation poses a significant threat to the natural environment of this country. Agriculture, forestry and urbanisation endure to the destruction of forests, mangroves and other thriving ecosystems in the country. Ecosystems and landscapes are dramatically adapted by human development, including but not limited to the const ruction of roadstead and damming of rivers. Geographical phenomena, such as landslides and flooding in the Klang Valley, along with haze, stem from widespread deforestation. Subtle climate change occurs as a direct result of air pollution and the greenhouse effect, which in turn is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases. Low-lying areas near the playground slideline of Sabah and Sarawak are under threat from current sea level rise.The environment is the subject of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment at the federal level. The Department of Wildlife and National Parks is responsible for the preservation of flora and fauna in Malaysia. Several environmental organisations have been established to raise awareness regarding the environmental issues in Malaysia.Environmental issuesThere are a number of environmental issues faced by Malaysia, such as deforestation and pollution. According to a study by Centre for oceanic and Coastal Studies in 2008, about 30% of Malays ian coastline is subject to varying degrees of erosion. According to the United Nations, Malaysias deforestation rate is the highest among tropical nations. The countrys annual deforestation rate increased 86% between 1999-2000 and 2000-2005. Malaysia lost an average of 140,200 hectares of its forests or 0.65% of its total forest area every year since 2000, whereas in the 1990s, the country lost an average of 78,500 hectares or 0.35 percent of its forests annually.Widespread urbanisation, agricultural fires and forest conversion for oil palm plantations and other forms of agriculture are the main causes of Malaysias high deforestation rate. Logging is responsible for forest degradation in the country, and local timber companies have been accused by environmental organisations of helplessness to practice sustainable forest management.Mining in peninsular Malaysia has leave a mark on the environment. Deforestation, pollution of rivers, and siltation have resulted in losses of agric ulture, and road projects have opened new areas to colonisation.Air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions is a major issue in the urban areas of Malaysia. Malaysia is be 42nd in the world in terms of vehicle ownership per capita, with 273 Malaysians having vehicles out of every 1000. Public transportation has been introduced in the form of bus networks and railway systems as mitigation, but utilisation rates are low. piddle pollution occurs due to the discharge of untreated sewage the west coast of the Peninsular Malaysia is the virtually heavily populated area. 40% of the rivers in Malaysia are heavily polluted. The country has 580 cubic km of water, of which 76% is used for farming and 13% is used for industrial activity. Cities in Malaysia produce an average of 1.5 million tons of solid waste per year.In 2000, Malaysia was ranked fourth in the world in terms of per capita greenhouse gas emissions after fetching into account land use change with 37.2 tonnes of carb on dioxide equivalent per capita. biennial fires, which usually coincide with the events of el Nio, burn thousands of hectares of forests across Malaysia, especially in Malaysian Borneo. The haze originating from these fires and the fires in Kalimantan, Indonesia typically have unseemly health effects on the populace, besides causing air pollution. In particular, the 1997 Southeast Asian haze, the 2005 Malaysian haze and the 2006 Southeast Asian haze were caused by slash and burn activities in neighbouring Indonesia.Society of MalaysiaMalaysia is a multi-cultural society. The main ethnic groups are the native Malays as well as large populations of Chinese, and Indians. When visiting the country it is clear that the ethnicities retain their religions, customs and way of life. The most important festivals of each group are public holidays.Although growing up, children are educated in the same schools and will eventually work in the same offices, few marry outside their own ethnicity. Families tend to interact within their own ethnic group all part of retaining their soul traditions and lifestyles.Despite the ethnic ends there are commonalities culturally speaking. cordial stratificationClasses and Castes- Class position in Malaysia depends on a combination of political connections, specialized skills, ability in English, and family money. The Malaysian elite, trained in afield universities, is highly cosmopolitan and continues to grow in dominance as Malaysias middle class expands. Even with the substantial stratification of society by ethnicity, mistakable class experiences in business and lifestyle are bridging old barriers.Symbols of Social Stratification- In Malaysias market economy, consumption provides the primary symbols of stratification. Newly flush Malaysians intoxicate how to consume by following the lead of the Malay royalty and the favorable business families of Chinese descent. A mobile phone, gold jewelry, and fashionable vesture all in dicate ones high rank in the Malaysian accessible order. Given the striking mobility of Malaysian society, ones vehicle marks class position even more than home ownership. Most Malaysians can distinguish the difference between makes of cars, and access to at least a motor ice yacht is a requirement for participation in contemporary Malaysian social life. Kuala Lumpur has more motor vehicles than people. Skin color, often indicative of less or more time working in the hot tropical sun, further marks class position. Distinct class differences also appear in speech. Knowledge of English is vital to elevated class status, and a persons smoothness in that language indexes their social background.Social Welfare and Change ProgramsThe Malaysian government has promoted rapid social change to conflate a national society from its ethnic divisions. Its grandest program was originally called the New Economic Policy (NEP), implemented between 1971 and 1990 and continued in modified form as t he National Development Policy (NDP). Since poverty eradication was an aim of the NEP a considerable amount of energy has gone to social welfare efforts. The consequences of these programs administer across the social landscape home mortgages feature two rates, a lower one for Malays and a higher one for others university admissions promote Malay enrolment mundane government functions such as allocating hawker licenses have an ethnic component. But the government has also tried to ethnically integrate Malaysias wealthy class therefore many NEP-inspired ethnic preferences have allowed prosperous Malays to accrue even greater wealth. The dream of creating an affluent Malaysia continues in the governments 1991 plan of Vision 2020, which projects that the country will be fully developed by the year 2020. This new vision places faith in high technology, including the public of a Multi-Media Super Corridor outside of Kuala Lumpur, as the means for Malaysia to join the ranks of wealthy industrialized countries, and to develop a more unified society.Porters Diamond of competitivenessFactor conditions These are the economists traditional factors of production land, labor, capital, and infrastructure.Demand conditions The characteristics of the domestic market, including the size, demand, value, and sophistication. colligate supporting industries The presence of suppliers and supporting industries that are equally competitive and of high quality.Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry The regulatory and other governmental environment in which companies are created, organized, and managed, including the nature of the domestic competition.Stages in Economic DevelopmentThe relative importance of the four factors depends on the comprise of economic development of the industry or country. National economies, like industries, go through stages in their development. The first stage is factor-driven, with the economy based essentially on the traditional factors of productio n natural resources, commodities, and availability of cheap power and labor. This was Malaysia of the 1960s and 70s, its primary competitive advantage being its cheap resources (rubber and tin), land and labor, and favorable tax treatment. These advantages were not only limiting but also transient. When commodity prices dropped, Malaysia lost its competitive advantage. When China entered the game with her endless supply of even cheaper labor and land, Malaysia could scarcely compete. During this phase, the basic source of competitive advantage is obviously the factor conditions of the diamond.The adjoining stage is investment driven where the competitive advantage is governed by the willingness of firms and nations to invest in modern factories, upgrade the skills of their workers, and adopt efficient technology. Factor conditions are still important, but in addition, the fourth-firms strategy, structure and rivalry-becomes the major determinant. This is where Malaysia is currentl y.The third stage is innovation driven where all four points of the diamond are in full play. This is where Malaysia aspires to be. With all four points in equal play, the relative role of factor-driven variables like cheap labor and commodities becomes relatively less important.

Terrorism Effect On Tourism Industry In Pakistan Tourism Essay

act of terrorism Effect On touring carry Industry In Pakistan touristry EssayFirst of all we must k nowadays what is meant by the enclosure touristry. salutary-nighly the term touristry is interpreted as the get down and motivity to another(prenominal)wise places past home town or city. The term tour means to visit places whether they be for picnics or for work purposes. tourism hind end be defined as to travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes.1Mostly business purposes ar concerned less with the affect of tourism phenomena. People travel mostly for leisure, enjoyment, relaxation and to break the purpose of their unremarkable work life. People travel for m some(prenominal) reasons that could beFor visit their relatives in other geographical locationsFor visiting the places of their interests identical repositorys, forts, architectural buildings, museums and so onFor atdecadeding or for to witness any events practically(prenominal) standardised Dubai shop festivals, concerts of famous singers and actors, Basant in Pakistan and India etc.For enquiry purposes and for collecting data for research on interested topicsFor religious activities and worship such as hajj and Umrah in Islam, Guru Nanak Devs festival in Sikhism, etc.For events like New Year, Christmas, Eid, freedom Day, etc.For medical purposes such as for break up treatment opportunities, for better environment for health, etc.For richlyer education and better jobs and business opportunitiesFor scene and adventurous purposesAnd there could be so many reasons and purposes for traveling. The public touristry Organization defines tourists as stack who travel to and stay in places alfresco their usual environment for much than than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than than superstar consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the puzzle out of an activity remunerated from inwardly the place visited.2 touristry IndustryTou rism industry is atomic number 53 of the most important spheres of the nations deliverance. Tourism industry is found upon the tourism policies made by administration, tourism development programs and projects, investments in the attention of the places for tourists, Ministry of tourism and all the factors and elements pitching the branch and activity of tourism.In 2008, there were over 922 wizard thousand jillion international tourist arrivals, with a growth of 1.9% as comp ard to 2007. In 2009, international tourists arrivals fell to 880 one thousand thousand, representing a humankindwide decline of 4% as comp atomic number 18d to 2008. The region most affected was atomic number 63 with a 6% decline.3Ranks uncouthUNWTO Regional Market internationaltouristarrivals(2009)4 globaltouristarrivals(2008)5Internationaltouristarrivals(2007)61FranceEurope74.2 one thousand one thousand meg79.2million80.9million2 regular armyNorth the States54.9million57.9million56million3SpainEu rope52.2million57.2 million58.7 million4chinaAsia50.9 million53 million54.7 million5ItalyEurope43.2 million42.7 million43.7 million6UKEurope28 million30.1 million30.9 million7TurkeyEurope25.5 million25 million22.2 million8GermanyEurope24.2 million24.9 million24.4 million9MalaysiaAsia23.6 million22.1 million21 million10MexicoNorth America21.5 million22.6 million21.4 millionThe piece Tourism Organization reports the above ten countries as the most visited from 2007 to 2009 by the number of international travelers.By the abandoned knock back we can imagine that most of the top visited countries duplicity in the region of Europe continent. This as well shows the importance of the tourism industrial vault of heaven importance in the economy of Europe. Germany, France and Italy tourism receipts can be getn in the following table. The table shows the earnings of trio certain situates of Europe in tourism industry.CountryInternationalTourism acknowledge(2009)7InternationalTourism Receipts(2008)8InternationalTourismReceipts(2007)9France48.7billion$55.6billion$54.3billion$Italy40.2billion$45.7billion$42.7billion$Germany34.7billion$40billion$36billion$We can follow through from the above table that how the tourism receipts of three important and actual countries of Europe rise and fall during the period of 2007 to 2009.CountryInternationalTourismReceipts(2009)10InternationalTourismReceipts(2008)11InternationalTourismReceipts(2007)12France38.9billion$43.1billion$36.7billion$Italy27.8billion$30.8billion$27.3billion$Germany80.8billion$91billion$83.1billion$The World Tourism Organization reports above data that how much these three put ins spend on their tourism industry. German tourists are said to be the top spenders in the tourism Industry.Tourism industrial sector has long importance in from each one and every nations economy because its a abundant and direct source of generating foreign exchange rate.Pakistans Tourism IndustryPakistan is one of the very few countries which is not provided blessed by pagan Heritage, Old Civilizations, Landscapes, Archaeological Ruins and Historic Monuments precisely to a fault blessed by almost all kinds of weather and geographical areas. Pakistan is a destination that has so much to offer visitors from outside. By UNESCO World Heritage turn up the proclivity is maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. This list suggests catalogues, names, and conserves sites of outstanding pagan and inhering importance to the common heritage of humanity. Pakistan is excessively one of the states identified as a tourism site for international tourism activity. at that place are 6 sites identified by UNESCO World Heritage Site within the geographical boundaries of Pakistan as followedArchaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro, SindhBuddhist Ruins at Takht-i-Bahi and beside metropolis Remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol, Khyber PakhtunkhwaTaxila, PunjabLahor e Fort and Shalimar Gardens in Lahore, PunjabHistoric Monuments of Thatta, SindhRohtas Fort, Punjab13UNESCO World Heritage Site not only makes the list hardly also provides funds and support for the maintenance of these sites and to advertise the tourism industrial sector of the state.Pakistan besides these 6 sites identified by UNESCO World Heritage Site has much more to offer tourists. pastime are the sites other thence the above 6 sites.Karakoram Highway through the endless peaks of the Karakoram MountainsArchitectural buildings and gardens of origin Mughal crownwork city LahoreThe ancient bazaars of QuettaBeautiful beaches and the cosmopolitan streets of KarachiHill place and summer resorts like MurreeHiran Minar in Sheikhupura constructed by Emperor Jahangir a monument to Mansraj, one of his pet deerGurdwara Guru Nanak Temple Nankana Sahab.Mausoleums like tomb of Jahangir, Tomb of Anarkali, and Khari Shareef etc.Changa Manga a planted forest and a wildlife centimeer in Lahore Di rigid, PunjabCities like Lahore, Karachi, capital of Pakistan, etc containing entertainment sites like parks, restaurants, hotels, picnic areas, safari parks, cinemas, theatres, art exhibitions, concerts, bounce clubs etcLandscapes like Naraan, Kaghaan, Jheel Saif-ul-Malook, Siri Paaye, K2 clutch, Hunza and Chitral Valley etcAnd there are many more brainy places in different areas of the states and is hard to count them and show them all in one list.During 1993, Pakistan stock 0.379 million foreign tourists recording an addition of 7.7 per cent compared to previous eld. Pakistan has earned Rs. 126 million US dollars in 1993 from foreign tourists indicating an ontogenesis of 5.4 per cent compared to 1992.14Pakistan with its diverse cultures, people and landscapes has attracted 0.7 million tourists to the country. Its almost the double of that a decade ago. Before the Global economic crisis over the world Pakistan received more than 500,000 tourists annually.15In Octob er 2006, just one year after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, The shielder (also formerly known as The Manchester Guardian) which is a British national daily newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group, released The top five tourist sites in Pakistan in order to champion the countrys tourism industry.16These sites are as followedTaxila, Punjabmetropolis Lahore, PunjabThe Karakoram Highway is the advancedest road in the world, winding through the Karakoram mountain range and connecting to ChinaIn the lush Hunza valley, the sleepy village of Karimabad is a tourist oasis.An exhilarating jeep drive from the resort town of Narran lie the still waters and snow-capped mountains of Lake Saif-ul-Malook17To promote Pakistans unique and diverse cultural heritages, the Prime look launched the Visit Pakistan marketing crusade in 2007. This campaign involved various events throughout the year including fairs and religious festivals, regional boast events, various arts and craft shows, folk fes tivals and several openings of historical museums.18The Tourism industry of Pakistan is growing with very slow speed. It can progress with quick growth. Because of the boost up in the foreign investment and funding, Pakistan is becoming more capable of building and improving its understructure including air networks and facilities of movements of cargo and inter-city travel which are much improved and still improving day by day. Roads like Motor Way and Karakoram highway promoted traveling so much. But still the government has not been able to take the tourism market ripely within Pakistan. There are many reasons for this like Political instability, Crisis situations like Earthquake and Flood, tourist attractions which cast off not been funded or protected due to the government giving the tourism market a low priority. But I consume noticed that besides these problems and instable situations, one of the major reasons in the decline of Tourism industry in Pakistan is the high th reat of terrorism lash outs and bomb b give-up the ghosts occurrence in Pakistans major and capital Cities. terrorist act is hitting very hardly on the reputation of Pakistans apprisal with peace.To understand the phenomena of Terrorism we will now discuss about it and then well check the effects and its influence on the Tourism industrial sector of Pakistan.TerrorismTerrorism is the systematic use of terror oddly as a means of coercion.19The definitions of terrorism is those violent acts which are mean to create fear and terror among the people, are perpetrated and coifed for a religious, semipolitical or ideological goals, and its deliberate targets are the innocent civilians. subsequently the calamity of 911 twig of World Trade Centre in 2001 family line 11 at New York city, the whole world become crazy of the phenomena of the term Terrorism. Terrorism not only affected the national security measures but also changed the view of peoples trust and intercourses with ea ch other. Terrorism is the most serious issue of the international relations among the nations. Terrorism created numerous disputes among the different states and people. Mostly the disputes arises among the religious stems and the mostly the religious radicals are targeted to Muslims. Although Large numbers of Muslims are against such act of violence and deadly bomb blasts. The Groups which are considered to be responsible for such terrorist activities are mostly considered to be the Muslim group called AL-Qaeda.AL-Qaeda is a militant Islamist group founded sometime between grand 1988 and late 1989. It operates as a network comprising both a multinational, homeless army and a fundamentalist Sunni movement calling for global Jihad. It is considered a terrorist organization.20AL-Qaeda has attacked many innocent civilians and targeted many military locations and offices in various countries, most notably the September 11 attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. in 2001. Im no t suggesting that the AL-Qaeda is the only group which performs the terrorism activities. It could be affirmable that many terrorism activities were performed by the local groups, by any political party or by any extremist group to gain or gain the success of their own interests. Thats why from forward I will use the term Terrorists which is not referred to any special(prenominal) group but to the people who perform such violence and deadly activities which are intended to create fear and terror among the people to achieve the interests of their own. Recent Attacks of terrorism shows that the new targets of Terrorists are the followingForeigners, tourists, travelers, and Office holders particularly of the posts in foreign statesDiplomat residences and Diplomats office bearersHotels and Restaurants which are mostly the sharpen of attraction of foreigners, tourists and travelers.Foreigner Office bearers in local stateEmbassies of other states specially the European and American embassies demarcation network and Air lines such as Flights, private jets, air planes, etc.Sites which are dedicated to tourists and travelers such as Railway stations, air ports, sea ports, etc.Air ports are specially endangered targeted site of terrorists because large number of foreigners uses this facility of transportation. Terrorists are today unstoppable because of their tactical manoeuvre of Suicide attack often called as suicide bombers. The world is so disturbed by such tactic because firstly its hard to stop such person to explode himher self-importance and secondly these suicide bombers are trained and being mind process to make themselves to explode themselves. Although USA declared the war against terrorism but the truth is that terrorists and terrorism activities are beyond the control of any state or agency.Terrorism AttacksThe concept of terrorist attacks are as old as the warfare and the geographical boundaries disputes but mostly the incident of United States, September 11 2001 is considered the starting date of massive attacks of terrorism in nations. ordinarily when ever we talk about Start of Terrorism or increase in the terrorism attacks, 911 is the incident which people usually recall to their minds. No doubt in it that after the 911 incident the terrorism activities increased with a great boost and almost each and every country of the world became the victim of the Suicidal attacks and Bomb Blasts. Thousands of people lost their lives. Following is the table of international terrorist attacks by death toll.21EstimateNameCountryCityYear2,976September11, 2001 AttacksUnited StatesNew York20017962007 Qahtaniya attacksIraqQahtaniya2007334Beslan School SiegeRussiaBeslan2004209Mumbai train bombardsIndiaMumbai2006191 work 11, 2004 Madrid train outpouringsSpainMadrid20041362007 Karachi bombardmentPakistanKarachi2007116Super ferry 14 bombardPhilippines20041122006 Digampathana bombingSri LankaDigampathana20061002008 Kandahar bombingAfgh anistanKandahar2008902005 Sharm el-Sheikh attacksEgyptSharm el-Sheikh200574July 2010 capital of Uganda attacksUgandaKampala201027+July 2010 Zahedan bombingsIranZahedan201062009 International Islamic University bombingPakistancapital of Pakistan2009We can see in the above table that why the incident of 911 is considered to be the boost up in the terrorism activities. By the help of death tool Terrorists attacks table we can see that the largest death and issue of lives occurred in the attacks of World Trade Center in 2001. The attacks after 2001 in different cities and states dont even come up to half of the death casualties appeared in 911 attacks. The world policies and Issues of National earnest changed overnight after the incident of 911. USA becomes very strict in the in-migration policies and also in the applause of endorses. Not only USA but also many developed states like UK, Germany, France, Canada and many European states adopted the strict policies of Visa benediction and immigration policies.Terrorism Attacks in PakistanPakistan also becomes the victim of terrorist attacks after the 911 incident. Following is the table derived from World Terrorist Attacks by death tool.22EstimateNameCityYear1362007 Karachi bombingKarachi200711728 October 2009 Peshawar bombingPeshawar200911010 October 2008 Orakzai bombingOrakzai20081052010 Lakki Marwat suicide bombingLakki Marwat2010104Mohmand Agency attackMohmand Agency201098May 2010 attacks on Ahmadi mosques in LahoreLahore201072+March 2010 Lahore bombingsLahore2010702008 Wah bombingWah200858April 2010 Kohat bombingsKohat2010562008 Ahmedabad bombingsAhmedabad200854December 2009 Lahore attacksLahore200954capital of Pakistan Marriott Hotel bombingIslamabad2008505 April 2010 Peshawar bombingsPeshawar201050July 2010 Lahore bombingsLahore2010482009 Jamrud mosque bombingJamrud2009472008 Parachinar bombingParachinar2008432009 Karachi bombingKarachi200938October 2009 Lahore attacksLahore200938December 2009 Rawalpindi attackRawalpindi200935November 2009 Rawalpindi bombingRawalpindi2009352009 Lahore bombingLahore200935September 2008 Peshawar bombingPeshawar200833December 2009 Dera Ghazi Khan bombingDera Ghazi Khan200930February 2010 Khyber Mosque bombingKhyber Agency201025+February 2010 Karachi bombingsKarachi20102519 April 2010 Peshawar bombingPeshawar2010232009 Pakistan host General Headquarters attackPunjab200919February 2010 Khyber bombingKhyber201016January 2010 Bajaur bombingBajaur201012December 2009 reduce Dir mosque bombing PakistanLower Dir200910February 2010 Lower Dir bombingLower Dir201082008 Danish embassy bombing in IslamabadIslamabad200882009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket police squadLahore200962009 International Islamic University bombingIslamabad2009We can see in the table that 7 terrorist attacks occurred in Lahore, 3 terrorist attacks occurred in enceinte City Islamabad and 3 terrorist attacks occurred in Karachi, which are not only the major cities of Pakistan but also the centre of Tourists to Pakistan. During the period of 2007 to 2010 the total try of death casualties is more then 1660 (Sixteen hundred and sixty) people. The security issue is the prodigious issue in every city of Pakistan especially in Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi. We can see that large number of Security measures have been taken to prevent such disastrous situations. The terrorists attacks in International Islamic University at Islamabad in 2009 not only terrorized the National Security but also lend great impacts upon the security measures of Educational and other institutions. many an(prenominal) terrorists attacks in Shopping Malls and local Markets raised the question of how to increase the Security measures? Citizens are even more terrified by the Bomb blasts in Housing Societies like Iqbal Town, Samanabad and Model Town. The general behavior of citizens of Pakistan is that they are not safe and the measures which are taken for Local and National Security are us eless. The security measures at local level have been very much increased with a dramatic change in behaviors of Citizens. Four years earlier citizens wont bother for an unknown car parked in there alleys but now situation is so different. Even kids now notices unknown parked Cars and activities of strangers in their streets or areas. Different people have different opinions about these Terrorism attacks but these Terrorism Attacks have influenced each and every body from young to old, student to worker, Businessman to employee, Citizens to Foreigners.Terrorism effect on Tourism IndustryTerrorism Attacks and Terrorists activities has great impact on the Tourism industrial Sector. Terrorism has a great and direct relation with the policies of tourism industry. Terrorism deeply influences the policies of Visa favourable reception and the immigration process policies which plays an important role in the process of tourism activities and movement. We can see that after the 911 incident , USA termed very strict policies in the Visa approval and immigration especially for the citizens of Islamic states and for the Muslims. The strict policies are not only followed by USA but also by many other developed states like Canada, Australia, as well as many European states like Germany, France, Norway, UK, Italy, Denmark and many more. Underdeveloped states like India also followed such strict policies. The Strict Visa approval policies and the immigration policies are made to catch and promote the National Security of the states and nations. Terrorism attacks and terrorism activities influences directly the Visa approval and immigration policies. As the state will suffer more terrorism attacks the state will Grant less Visas and Immigration to the foreigners. The state will also Grant less Visas and Immigration to the foreigners and citizens of those states where there exists bully Terrorism Activities and where Terrorists attacks had been occurred. The Activities of Ter rorism has negative effect on the grant of Visas and Immigrations.Although today the world became a global village after the inventions of better transportations (like Airplanes, Air Jets, Ships, Electric Trains and Fast cars like Ferrari, Jaguar, and BMW etc) and much improved infrastructures. Better infrastructure dramatically increased the tourists movements in the world but after these terrorists attacks, we can see appearance of decline in the Tourism Industry World wide. There is a great and increasingly decline in tourists arrivals in each year. The major reason for the decline in the Tourism economy is the Terrorism Activities.Terrorism effect on Tourism Industry in PakistanWe can see that large number of Terrorist attacks occurred in the city Lahore which is also a tourist and cultural hub of the Pakistan. Lahore is the city with many architectural buildings, Gardens of Mughal period, Monuments like Minar-e-Pakistan, Lahore Fort, Mosques of Mughal Period, Museums, Hotels an d other entertainment sectors like Cinemas, Restaurants, and Family Parks etc. After these terrorist attacks Lahore is considered the most dangerous city in Pakistan to Travel. Since 2007 till 2010 there have been 7 terrorists attacks in which more then 355 people are killed. As we have discussed earlier that there had been more then 36 terrorist attacks since 2007 in which more then 1660 death casualties appeared. The estimated deaths could be far more then calculated. After these terrorists attacks the number of tourists are declining each year, especially in Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi. mingled campaigns are formed to attract tourist from around the world and to promote the Tourism economy of the state but still the number of tourists has been falling each year constantly. This year it dropped by 6% as compared to the figures of last year data. Its the harsh image, bad reputation of the political system and wonky National security measures that is discouraging traveling and tourism economy to promote.Pakistans Minister of Tourism sees the situation very differently and says Things are not keen in many parts of the world. There are crime problems. There are slums. There are terrorist problems. Sri Lanka has had the Tamil Tigers for decades and people still go, if you retrieve where you are going should be completely peaceful, you will be compact in your options. Being a tourist in the 21st speed of light requires a little courage23But people dont travel and dont perform tourism activities to show their courage or bravery. The act of Tourism is in itself an activity of both mind and physical Relaxation. According to me how Minister of Tourism can use these lines to promote Tourism economy of the state? Or what kind of excuse it is for decline in Tourism economy? I think its funny that our Minister of Tourism Industry suggests that besides the instable political system, crisis situations like Flood and Earthquakes, and Terrorists Attacks, we should no t be afraid to travel to Pakistan. How is it possible that foreigners and tourists change their behavior and thinking like this when citizens of Pakistan are seeking for immigration opportunities and to abandon their Home towns and Birth place. You can see by yourself that people are always cursing Government and politics especially with regarding to the issues of Inflations and Terrorism Activities. Citizens are so terrified to go to mosques for Prayers and even to go to Markets for obtain all because of these Terrorist Attacks and Activities.The World Economic Forum produced the Travel and Tourism fight Report in 2009. The report provides a cross-country analysis of the drivers of competitiveness in travel and tourism, providing useful comparative information for making business decisions and additional value to governments wishing to improve their travel and tourism environments.24Pakistan bedded 113 out of 130 countries on the List of Global countries chart which should be v isited and which are the great deal of Tourism activities. Last year Pakistan class-conscious 111 out of 124 countries, so in reality Pakistans ranking remains stagnant. On the other side Pakistans neighbor India ranked 11th in the Asian region and 62nd in the world overall.Although Pakistan ranked well in outlay competitiveness in the industry mainly because of low fuel prices, high purchasing power parity, and the extent of effect of taxation. Pakistan also ranked well in the number of heritage and cultural sites, and creative industr